William Gwin III, MD

Funded by the Cancer Vaccine Coalition (CVC)

Over 310,000 people get breast cancer each year in the US. About 20% of breast cancers are caused by a protein called HER2 and are aggressive. We have developed a vaccine called WOKVAC that trains the immune system to identify and kill cancer cells that have high levels of HER2. Early results in patients show that the vaccine is safe and can create a cancer-killing immune system response. We are now conducting a patient trial where patients with HER2+ breast cancer get the vaccine along with their normal treatment before they have surgery to remove the tumor.  Our goal is to have the vaccine create cancer-killing immune cells that will work together with their normal treatment to kill the cancer cells and protect the patient from the cancer for years or decades. So far, we have given the vaccine to 16 patients on this trial.  The vaccine has been safe, and early results are encouraging. We are expanding the trial to 25 patients to better help us decide if other patients should get this vaccine. We are looking at how well the patients do after getting the vaccine and looking to see if the vaccine increases the number of cancer-killing cells in their tumors and blood.

Andras Heczey, MD

Funded by the Dick Vitale Pediatric Cancer Research Fund

Special white blood cells can be engineered to fight cancer. They are engineered with a molecule call CAR. This molecule helps them kill cancer cells. The special white blood cells include T and NK cells. These cells can cure some blood cancers. They show great promise for children with solid tumors. CAR T cells often get exhausted in solid tumors. CAR T cells are currently made outside the body. This can further weaken them.Our research aims to overcome these challenges. We will target Glypican-3 (GPC3). It is a molecule found on many childhood solid tumors. We propose a new way to engineer CAR T cells inside the body (in-body). We will use special virus-like particles (LVPs). These LVPs will precisely reprogram the children’s own immune cells to fight GPC3-positive cancer. We will test “armoring” strategies of CAR T cells. This is to make these in-body generated CAR T/NK cells even more powerful and long-lasting.Our hypothesis is that in-body engineered GPC3-CAR T cells will be highly effective against cancer cells. We will first maximize the effectiveness of our LVP delivery system. Next, we will compare the different armoring strategies. We will study how they boost the survival of in-body generated CAR T cells. Finally, we will select the most potent armoring strategy. Ultimately, this research aims to bring safer, more effective CAR T-cell therapy to children with solid tumors. The findings may be applicable to other cancers in the future.

Kate Markey, MBBS, PhD

Every year, over 25,000 people need to have a stem cell transplant to treat their blood cancer. While this can cure their cancer, it also weakens the immune system. A weak immune system is a problem because it means people get more infections and can experience other complications like their cancer coming back. When we are healthy, our gut is filled with helpful bacteria. During cancer treatment, many patients lose these helpful bugs. Patients who lose the good bacteria after they have a transplant, don’t recover as well as patients who keep their helpful bugs. These good bacteria are needed for strong immune system recovery. We are working in the lab to find new ways to support healthy bugs during cancer treatment. We think this will help the patients’ immune system. Having a healthy immune system means fewer infections and a longer life. If successful, this research could lead to new treatments that help patients feel better during their transplant, avoid infections, and live longer. In the future, we will run clinical trials in transplant patients, which will lead to new standard treatments.

Sita Kugel, PhD

Funded by the V Foundation Wine Celebration in honor of Mike “Coach K” and Mickie Krzyzewski

Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Treatments have changed very little in recent years. One challenge is that there are different “subtypes” of pancreatic cancer, so tailored therapies are desperately needed. Our lab found that drugs that block a protein called cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) can kill the basal subtype, which is the most lethal. It makes up a quarter of pancreatic tumors and has the worst overall survival. We propose to study a drug that blocks CDK7 in patients with early-stage pancreatic cancer, after chemotherapy and before surgery. This funding will allow us to work with Carrick Therapeutics, who is giving us a supply of drug for the clinical trial. Our ultimate goal is to offer a new targeted treatment option and hope to pancreatic cancer patients.

Christina Termini, PhD

Funded by the Stuart Scott Memorial Cancer Research Fund

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the deadliest blood cancer. People with AML are treated with chemotherapy, a treatment intended to kill cancer cells. However, some AML cells have qualities that prevent them from being killed with chemotherapy. These cells remain in the body even after treatment. Unfortunately, these “chemotherapy-resistant” AML cells can cause relapse. People with AML achieve remission when doctors can no longer detect AML after treatment. Relapse occurs when the previously undetectable AML returns after remission. Relapse is the primary cause of death for AML patients. Unfortunately, ~30% of all AML patients will relapse within three years of their diagnosis. Our research goal is to understand why some AML cells survive chemotherapy and others do not. We aim to identify new treatments that target chemotherapy-resistant AML cells.

Certain proteins produced by many cells in the body have sugars attached to them. In AML cells, we found that the kind of sugar attached to these proteins determines growth rates and response to chemotherapy. In this proposal, we will test how specific categories of sugars control AML cell growth, chemotherapy resistance, and relapse. We will use mouse models of AML to test how drugs that change the sugars available to AML cells could be used to treat AML. We expect the proposed studies will pave the way for identifying new medicines that can be used to stop AML cells from resisting chemotherapy, prevent relapse, and support AML patient survival.

Xueqiu (Chu) Lin, PhD

Funded with support from Steve and Tamar Goodfellow

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Screening plays a key role in early detection and makes CRC one of the most preventable cancers. Developing an accurate risk prediction score is crucial because it helps us identify and focus on those at high risk from a young age, enabling early screening and effective intervention. Research has shown that thousands of genetic mutations can increase the risk of developing CRC. Our goal is to convert these genetic discoveries into useful tools for clinical use. We plan to utilize advanced techniques such as CRISPR screening technology and single-cell sequencing, combined with deep learning models and statistical analysis. This approach will help us understand the whole impact of these genetic mutations better. This work aims to provide deeper insights into how these mutations contribute to the development of CRC, leading to more targeted and efficient screening strategies. Ultimately, our research is directed toward developing a sophisticated method for predicting colorectal cancer risk, focusing specifically on those who are most at risk. This could significantly change how we prevent and treat colorectal cancer.

Joelle Straehla, MD

Funded by the Dick Vitale Pediatric Cancer Research Fund with support from the Scott Hamilton CARES Foundation

One major challenge in treating any type of cancer is resistance, or when a cancer stops responding to a certain type of drug or therapy. Some cancer cells may become resistant my changing the way they read and write their DNA, or the genetic blueprint in the cell nucleus. Other cells may change the way proteins are expressed on the surface, which can change their shape or ‘stickiness’ and ability to move in the body.  When doctors can understand exactly how cancer cells become resistant to a certain drug, they can sometimes combine two or more drugs together to overcome this.

For some new classes of drugs, we have not even begun to explore how cancer cells might become resistant. One of these classes is nanoparticle drugs, which usually involves bringing together molecules like fats or polymers to help delivery drugs into certain cells. The goal of this research project is to identify the ways that pediatric cancer cells can become resistant to nanoparticle drugs, and find new drug combinations that are more effective and less toxic to children with cancer. Many lab-based studies of nanoparticles are performed in common cancers of adulthood such as breast cancer, and this has led to new treatments in the clinic, but there have been very few studies of nanoparticle drugs in childhood cancer. Currently, there is only one nanoparticle drug approved for use in children. By studying resistance to nanoparticle drugs in a deadly childhood brain tumor, we can take the first step towards a new clinical treatment for these children.

Sita Kugel, PhD

Funded by the V Foundation Wine Celebration in honor of Mike “Coach K” and Mickie Krzyzewski

Few words inspire more fear than “pancreatic cancer,” which is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Treatments have changed little over recent years despite the fact that researchers have learned a great deal about the genetic mutations that give rise to pancreatic cancer. One challenge is that there are different “subtypes” of pancreatic cancer, thereby making a one-size fits all approach difficult. Tailored therapeutic approaches are desperately needed. While studying pancreatic cancer subtypes, our lab identified that drugs which block a protein called cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) could selectively kill the most lethal subtype of pancreatic cancer at extremely low doses. This subtype, referred to simply as basal, makes up ~25% of pancreatic tumors and has the worst overall survival. Further, because the drug works at such low doses, we may be able to treat patients at doses that do not cause significant toxicity. Here, we propose to study a drug that inhibits CDK7, in patients with early-stage pancreatic cancer following chemotherapy and before surgery. Concurrently, we will test new pancreatic cancer treatment strategies and drug combinations in mouse models of pancreatic cancer. We will validate and search for new blood markers of treatment response and drug resistance. Finally, we will identify pathways that allow cancer cells to survive CDK7 inhibition and determine whether other drugs can be added to enhance this therapy. The ultimate goal of our research is to provide a new targeted treatment option and hope to pancreatic cancer patients.

Daniel Blanco-Melo, Ph.D.

Funded by the Stuart Scott Memorial Cancer Research Fund and the V Foundation Wine Celebration in honor of Leo Slattery, 2022 Volunteer Grant Honoree

A big part of the sequences that make our DNA come from viral infections that occurred in the past. These viral ‘fossils’ are typically not active to prevent damage to our genetic material, however in many diseases, including cancer, they are turned on. While it might be logical to think that the activation of these sequences would be a bad thing, evidence suggest that some of these viral fossils were repurposed to perform functions needed for a healthy life. In fact, some viral sequences participate in the formation of the placenta, in the way our genes are activated, and in the way our cells fight other viruses. Therefore, it is possible that the reason we see these viral fossils turned on in cancers is because they are helping the body fight the formation of tumors. Our goal is to test different ways by which the activation of these viral fossils could help prevent and fight cancer. To do this we will search for all the viral fossils present in our DNA, identify sequences that help our bodies find and destroy tumor cells, and test if one special viral fossil is able to prevent tumors by turning off its energy supply. We hope our findings can help the design of novel ways to treat cancer, taking advantage of the potential beneficial roles of these ancient viral sequences.

Vida Henderson, PhD, PharmD

Funded in collaboration with ESPN

Research studies that test how new cancer drugs work often don’t include all members of the United States population. Scientists are unable to tell how well these new treatments work in diverse groups. Our team will study how Black cancer patients and their families decide whether participating in a research study is right for them. We will talk with Black cancer patients and their families, doctors, cancer support groups, and Black community members to help us develop a public service video about clinical trials. We will also develop a plan to share information about clinical trials among Black communities. This approach will help us develop a public service video that is based on the needs, experiences, and strengths of Black communities that can be shared widely.

Mailing list button
Close Mailing List